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Latrodectus hasselti (by A. Tanikawa)

See also :

Spiders : Black widows (Latrodectus sp.), Brown recluse spiders (Loxosceles reclusa & L. sp.), Tarantulas ('bird-eating spiders', Theraphosidae etc.), Funnel web spiders (Atrax and Hadronyche) and the Hobo spider (Tegenaria agrestis, Aggressive house spider)

Poison Centers :

Belgium : Antigifcentrum - Centre Antipoisons
USA: Find Your Poison Center
World: World directory of poisons centres (Yellow Tox)

• Myths, Misconceptions, and Superstitions about Spiders A site that probably answers almost all of your questions! Rod Crawford, Curator of Arachnids, Burke Museum (USA)

• Spider bites Black widow and the brown recluse spiders. Symptoms, treatment. Univ. of Maryland Medicine (USA)
  
• Spider cleared of causing flesh-eating ulcer The white-tail spider, whose bite has been blamed for cases of flesh-eating ulcers for decades, has been declared innocent following methodical Australian research. Danny Kingsley. ABC Science Online (Australia)
  
• Spider Bite Recovery Support Group Inc. Our aim is to see funding re-instated for medical research, in order to establish a recognised treatment for the bite of the White-Tailed Spider. The Support Group welcomes all members of the community from Australia and New Zealand. Helen Midgley (Australia)
  
• The phylogenetic distribution of sphingomyelinase D activity in venoms of Haplogyne spiders PDF. Article. G.J. Binford & M.A. Wells. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology
  
• Sphingomyelinase D from venoms of Loxosceles spiders: evolutionary insights from cDNA sequences and gene structure PDF. Article. G.J. Binford, M.H.J. Cordes & M.A. Wells. Toxicon
  
• Necrotic Arachnidism -- Pacific Northwest, 1988-1996 CDC Wonder (USA)
  
• Fotos de aranhas peçonhentas Latrodectus geometricus, Loxesceles, Phoneutria nigriventer, Atrax robustus, Lycosa erythrognatha. Aquabiotech (in Portuguese) (Brazil)
  
• How To Give A Spider A Bad Name About Venomous, Envenomation, Poisonous Venom ... Robert Gale Breene III. College of the Southwest Carlsbad, New Mexico (USA)
  
• Encuentran una de las arañas más mortales del mundo en unas bananas Dangerous spiders. Insectos de Argentina y el Mundo (in Spanish) (Argentina)
  
• Aranha em árvores?! Phoneutria bahiensis. Ciencia Hoje (in Portuguese) (Brasil)
  
• Jumping to Unfortunate Conclusions: Phidippus audax, the most common cause of spider bites Arthur Huntley, Dermatology Online Journal (USA)
  
• The Hobo spider web site An informational web site dedicated to the dissemination of knowledge regarding the Hobo spider (Tegenaria agrestis), Hobo spider poisoning, and other biting or stinging organisms capable of causing significant reactions in humans. Darwin K. Vest (USA)
  
• A word about bites and stings From 'The Hobo spider web site' (Tegenaria agrestis). Darwin K. Vest (USA)
  
• Effects of size, motility and paralysation time of prey on the quantity of venom injected by the hunting spider Cupiennius salei PDF. Article. H. Malli et al. The Journal of Experimental Biology
  
• A morphological study on the venom apparatus of the spider Agelena labyrinthica (Araneae, Agelenidae) PDF. N. Yigit et al. Article in Turk J Zool. (Turkey)
  
• Spiders of Medical Importance Info and pictures. Barb Ogg. University of Nebraska Cooperative Extension in Lancaster County (USA)
  
• Spiders of Medical Importance Info. Barbara Ogg. University of Nebraska, Lancaster County (USA)
  
• Spider Bites? Look for a Sac Spider Info. Barbara Ogg. University of Nebraska, Lancaster County (USA)
  
• Tips to Help Prevent Bites from Spiders Info. Barbara Ogg. University of Nebraska, Lancaster County (USA)
  
• Poisonous Plants and Animals Black widow, Brown recluse, Latrodectus, Scorpion, Tarantula, Sydney funnel web. ThinkQuest (USA)
  
• Application of Venom Modern and prospective uses. ThinkQuest (USA)
  
• Investigations Into the Psyche of the Spider This article outlines a series of preliminary investigations into the effects of spider venom on the deeper levels of the human psyche. Initial data were gathered from a series of dream provings and subsequently evaluated in the light of previously recorded materia medica, entomological studies and clinical experience. Jonathan Shore. Homeopathy Online (USA)
  
• The black widow Short article. Louis B. Caruana (USA)
  
• Insect Bites and Stings and Spider Bites Info. WebMDHealth
  
• Spindlar och skorpioner Poisonousness. Passagen (in Swedish) (Sweden)
  
• Spiders 'scapegoats for diseases' Writing in the Lancet, an Australian and a US doctor say most spiders pose no threat to humans and are scapegoats for flesh-eating skin lesions. BBC News Online (UK)
  
• Biting spider widens its web Steatoda Nobilis in the UK. BBC (UK)
  
• Spider venom could boost sex life Brazilian and US scientists are looking into using spider venom as a possible treatment for male impotence. BBC News Online (UK)
  
• Austria gripped by fear of spider A spider with a painful but not life-threatening bite has spread alarm through Austria. BBC News Online (UK)
  
• Spiders 'scapegoats for diseases' Spiders are given an unjustly bad press as dangerous creepy-crawlies whose bite can kill you, say experts. BBC News Online (UK)
  
• 'Scorpion venom' attacks tumours Researchers have developed a 'man-made' scorpion venom to be used in the treatment of brain tumours. BBC News Online (UK)
  
• Spider from Tesco bites pensioner Tesco has launched an inquiry after an elderly shopper was bitten on the wrist by an exotic spider in a bunch of bananas. BBC News Online (UK)
  
• Spider nearly kills grandmother A grandmother spent more than 24 hours on a life support machine after being bitten by a spider. BBC News Online (UK)
  
• Spider's nip led to hospital stay A market trader was taken to hospital after being bitten three times on the chest by a dangerous spider. BBC News Online (UK)
  
• Spider-Venom Profits to Be Funneled Into Conservation Article. Jennifer Hile, National Geographic News (USA)
  
• Spider and scorpion bites What should I do if a spider bites my child? How can I tell if it's a dangerous spider? What if I don't see the spider? Is there any way to prevent spider bites? ParentCenter
  
• A prospective study of 750 definite spider bites, with expert spider identification PDF. Article. G.K. Isbister and M.R. Gray. Q J Med
  
• Spider Alibi Air Tight. Muffet Case Dismissed. About misidentified spider bites. The New York Times (USA)
  
• Identification and biology of three dangerous spiders Black widow, Brown reclusa and the Hobo spider. Integrated Pest Management in Schools. Angela Brammer, University of Florida (USA)
  
• Bites and Stings of medically important venomous arthropods Richard S. Vetter and P. Kirk Visscher. Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA (USA)
  
• Causes of Necrotic Wounds other than Brown Recluse Spider Bites Rick Vetter (USA)
  
• Venomous Arthropods PDF. Info about Black widow, Brown recluse & Yellow house spider. Control and management of spiders. Public Health Pesticide Applicator Training Manual. Univ. of Florida (USA)
  
• Venomous spiders This webpage discusses the most venomous spiders of the world as well as less harmful but anyway exciting spiders. Peter M. Hansen (Denmark)
  
• Spinnengift teurer als Platin - Die größte Spinnenfarm der Welt About spider poison. 3sat online (in German) (Germany)
  
• White-tail spider innocent ABC Online News (Australia)
  
• How do you milk a Funnel Web Spider? Jacqui Adam-Maher milks the spiders for a living as the Australian Reptile Park's 'Spider Girl'. ABC Online News (Australia)
  
• Tales of terror spiders still haunt us We're quick to blame spiders for causing flesh-eating diseases, an Australian expert argues, a psychological tendency that has its roots in the Middle Ages. ABC Online News (Australia)
  
• Bite victims push for funding to find spider anti-venom A push is underway to get funding for research to find an anti-venom for one of Australia's most dangerous spiders. ABC Online News (Australia)
  
• Anti-venom researchers bitten hard The Australian Venom Research Unit has developed anti-venoms to treat people bitten by the country's many poisonous animals, insects and fish. ABC Online News (Australia)
  
• Funnel webs reduce insecticide need A new generation of environmentally safe insecticides that only target disease-carrying insects or those that damage crops is emerging from surprising research into the venom of one of the world's deadliest creatures – the Australian Blue Mountains funnel-web spider. ABC Online News (Australia)
  
• Three of the worst With Atrax, Funnel web spider. Damon Shorter. ABC Online News (Australia)
  
• Spiders, Snakes and Scorpions: The Basics of Bites and Stings David Von Behren. The Univ. of Arizona (USA)
  
• The global epidemiology, syndromic classification, management, and prevention of spider bites J.H. Diaz. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
  
• QAS warns eight legged friends get cold & hungry too! QAS paramedics are warning people to be aware of spiders seeking refuge in shoes and clothing, after a young girl was bitten on her toe. Queensland Ambulance Service
  
• White-tailed Spider Info and pictures. Lampona cylindrata, Lampona murina. Australian Museum Online (Australia)
  
• Latrodectus mactans mactans Info and pictures. Emanuele Biggi, Anura.it (in Italian) (Italy)
  
• Spider Bites A large page about spiders and spider bites. Spider Bites
  
• Hur fungerar spindlars gifter? About spiders and poison. Lunds Universitet (in Swedish) (Sweden)
  
• Genetically Engineered Spider Toxin Threatens Butterflies and People Article. Ag BioTech InfoNet
  
• Spinnenkenners vrezen dat er toch dodelijke Red Backs in Bree overleven Er zijn nieuwe aanwijzingen dat de Australische Zwarte Weduwe of Red Back Spider in tegenstelling tot eerdere berichten nog steeds overleeft in Limburg. BiteBack (in Dutch) (Belgium)
  
• Spider bites Black widow, Brown recluse, Chronic arachnidism or necrotic arachnidism, Jumping spiders, Wolf spiders, Tarantulas, Northwestern brown spider or the hobo spider, Daddy longlegs spiders. California Poison Control System (USA)
  
• Must have been a spider J. Nelson. Journal of Canadian Family Physician
  
• An approach to spider bites Erroneous attribution of dermonecrotic lesions to brown recluse or hobo spider bites in Canada. R. G. Bennett, R. S. Vetter. Journal of Canadian Family Physician
  
• Spiders of Medical Importance From The Website for Young Marines
  
• All stings considered ... An interesting article about spider bites. W.J. Knight. Chirurgeon Guild
  
• Spider Silk and Venom A lot of info and pictures. Silk: Properties, Uses and Production, Chemical Structure, Applications. Spider Venom: General Info, Chemistry of Spider Venom, Applications. Vivienne Li. School of Chemistry, University of Bristol (UK)
  
• Spiders in New Zealand What to look out for & keeping yourself safe. Leaflet. Community Health Information Centre (New Zealand)
  
• Spiders Some info about spiders and especially black widow and brown recluse. Dallas Ft. Worth Pest Control (USA)
  
• Venomous Spiders in Florida Info and pictures. G.B. Edwards. Florida Department of Agriculture & Consumer Services (USA)
  
• Spiders, spider control, brown recluse, black widow, spider webs Identification, bites, control. Do-It-Yourself Pest Control (USA)
  
• Spider Envenomations, Tarantula Emergency Medicine. Boston Medical Publishing (USA)
  
• Poisonous spiders, ticks and other biting mites in Oregon Oregon State Univ. Extension (USA)
  
• Pests Attacking Man and His Pets W. Ebeling. Cornell University (USA)
  
• Spiders Some info. Univ. of California at Davis (USA)
  
• Spider Bites in Alaska Info. State of Alaska Epidemiology (USA)
  
• Spinnen Some dagerous spiders. Excalibur2002 (in German) (Germany)
  
• Avaliação Clínico-Epidemiológica do Foneutrismo na Região de São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo Article about Phoneutria. R.C. Miranda et al. HB Científica (in Portuguese) (Brasil)
  
• Fauna Laboratories Fauna Laboratories, Ltd., manufacturer of arthropod venoms in Central Asia. With pictures of Olios sericeus, Eusparassus oculatus, Raveniola micrura, Phyxioschema, Larinioides folium, Latrodectus pallidus, L. tadzhicus, L. hesperus, L. mactans, Araneus tartaricus, Steatoda gerhardti, S. paykulliana, Tegenaria domestica, L. agrestis, Eresus
  
• Spiders Latrodectus, Reclusa, Nephila & Argiope. ForestPests
  
• Attention aux piqûres et morsures ! Info and pictures. Futura-sciences (in French) (France)
  
• Spinnen Information and pictures of Atrax, Araneus diadematus, Latrodectus, Phoneutria, Tarantulas. Ralf Rebmann (in German) (Germany)
  
• African spider bites banana shopper The Guardian
  
• Mobile phone picture of spider helps save bite victim When chef Matthew Stevens was bitten by a spider while cleaning in his Somerset pub, his mobile phone helped save his life. He used it to take the spider's picture. Guardian
  
• Animales venenosos Poisonous animals. Spiders, scorpions, ... Directorio Nacional de Investigadores en Biodiversidad (in Spanish) (Colombia)
  
• Spiders of Medical Importance Barb Ogg, University of Nebraska Cooperative Extension in Lancaster County (USA)
  
• Atrax and Hadronyche A lot of info. International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS)
  
• Spiders Identification, spider bites, management, warning on the use of chemicals. Black widow, Yellow sac spider, brown recluse. University of California (USA)
  
• What was spiderwort? About tarantism. Chelsie Vandaveer killerplants.com
  
• International Venom & Toxin Database Bryan Grieg Fry, Centre for Drug Design and Development, University of Queensland (Australia)
  
• Arachnomania! Some info about the poison. Sean Bush. Loma Linda University Medical Center (USA)
  
• Spider bites First aid. Mayo Clinic
  
• Spider bites : first aid First aid. Mayo Clinic
  
• Informationen über giftige Tiere Kreuzspinne, Skorpion, Zecke. Informationszentrale gegen Vergiftungen der Universität Bonn (Germany)
  
• The toxin Tx4(6-1) from the spider Phoneutria nigriventer slows down Na+ current inactivation in insect CNS via binding to receptor site 3 PDF. Article. M.E. de Lima. Journal of Insect Physology
  
• Norma técnica sobre prevencion y tratamiento de accidentes por animales ponzoñosos Info and pictures. Ministerio de Salud (in Spanish) (Peru)
  
• Envenenamiento por arañas Spider bites. D. R. Díaz et al. Monografias.com (in Spanish)
  
• Spiders of Medical Importance Michigan State University Extension (USA)
  
• Spider Anatomy Very good drawings. Biodiversity Explorer Spotlight, iziko, museums of Cape Town (South Africa)
  
• White-tail spider bite not so black MyDr.com (Australia)
  
• Neurotoxic activity of venom from the Australian Eastern mouse spider (Missulena bradleyi) involves modulation of sodium channel gating L.D. Rash et al. British Journal of Pharmacology
  
• Novel mechanism of blocking axonal Na+ channels by three macrocyclic polyamine analogues and two spider toxins M. Yakehiro et al. British Journal of Pharmacology
  
• Phoneutria nigriventer spider venom activates 5-HT4 receptors in rat-isolated vagus nerve S.K.P. Costa et al. British Journal of Pharmacology
  
• Purification of a neuroprotective component of Parawixia bistriata spider venom that enhances glutamate uptake A.C.K. Fontana et al. British Journal of Pharmacology
  
• Vesicle exocytosis stimulated by alpha-latrotoxin is mediated by latrophilin and requires both external and stored Ca2+ B.A. Davletov et al. The EMBO Journal
  
• Alpha-Latrotoxin action probed with recombinant toxin: receptors recruit Alpha-latrotoxin but do not transduce an exocytotic signal K. Ichtchenko et al. The EMBO Journal
  
• Ca2+-independent insulin exocytosis induced by alpha-latrotoxin requires latrophilin, a G protein-coupled receptor J. Lang et al. The EMBO Journal
  
• Alpha-latrotoxin triggers transmitter release via direct insertion into the presynaptic plasma membrane Alpha-latrotoxin, a component of black widow spider venom, binds to presynaptic nerve terminals and stimulates massive neurotransmitter release. M. Khvotchev et al. The EMBO Journal
  
• Spider venom helps hearts keep their rhythm K. Novak. Nature Medicine
  
• The black widow's versatile venom H.R. Saibil. Nature Structural Biology
  
• Structure of alpha-latrotoxin oligomers reveals that divalent cation-dependent tetramers form membrane pores E.V. Orlova et al. Nature Structural Biology
  
• Scorpion stings and spider bites First aid and treatment for spider bites and scorpion stings etc. Dr Charlie Easmon (UK)
  
• Synthesized spider venom may one day save stroke victims from brain damage Blaine P. Friedlander. Cornell Chronicle (USA)
  
• Scorpion venom blocks bone loss May help those with periodontal disease and arthritis. William J. Cromie. Harvard University Gazette (USA)
  
• True or false, did the false widow spider bite? Steatoda grossa. Natural History Museum (UK)
  
• The truth about false widow spiders Steatoda grossa. Natural History Museum (UK)
  
• UK spider bites Tube web spider, False widow spider, Woodlouse spider, Walnut orb-weaver spider, False widow or cellar spider, Lace weaver spider, Black lace weaver spider, Mouse spider, Rustic wolf spider, Bark sac spider, Stone spider, Cross or garden spider, Bruennichi's Argiope, Money spider, Exotic sac spider, Huntsman spider, Black widow spider. Natural History Museum (UK)
  
• Black widow spider Description of the poisoning from a bite by a black widow spider. U.S. National Library of Medicine (USA)
  
• Brown recluse spider Description of the poisoning from a bite by a brown recluse spider. U.S. National Library of Medicine (USA)
  
• I Don't Like Spiders and Snakes Some info. Buck Tilton. National Outdoor Leadership School (USA)
  
• GE Spider Viruses--A New Deadly Threat to Butterflies & Humans? Article. Organic Consumers Association
  
• Poisonous Spiders and Scorpions PDF. Pests that affect human health. Widow spiders, Brown recluse, Yellow sac spider, scorpions. Bites and symptoms, Chemical control, Non-chemical control. Kansas State University (USA)
  
• Especial arañas Poisonous spiders (in Spanish) (Chile)
  
• Spider Bites Info for doctors. PatientPlus (UK)
  
• Venom Rx Venom may be deadly, but it can also be the source of medical cures. Australia's Little Assassins. Nature (USA)
  
• Mayor presencia de arañas del rincón Some info and pictures. Pediatraldia.com (in Spanish) (Chile)
  
• Arachnophobia: Dealing With Spider Bites Info about bites and treatment. Michael A. Woo-Ming. PersonalMD.com (USA)
  
• Brown Recluse Spiders Picture and info of Loxosceles reclusa. PestWorld
  
• Brazilian Wandering Spider Info and picture of Phoneutria fera. Jon Fouskaris. petbugs.com
  
• Bites and stings due to terrestrial and aquatic animals in Europe Spiders, scorpions and ticks. Canada Communicable Disease Report (in French and English) (Canada)
  
• Managing Arthropod Bites and Stings Info and pictures. R. L. Norris. The Physician and Sportsmedicine
  
• Application of spider venom toxins and their analogues as new specific insecticides Prof M. Howden Dr D.E. Tribe, Deakin University Department of Microbiology, University of Melbourne (Australia)
  
• Biodistribution studies of bee venom and spider toxin using radiotracers Article. C.M. Yonamine et al. Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research (Brazil)
  
• Spider envenoming of dog - case report Article about Phoneutria nigriventer. H.S. Fernandes et al. Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins (Brazil)
  
• Insects as biological models to assay spider and scorpion venom toxicity Article. M.F. Manzoli-Palma et al. J. Venom. Anim. Toxins incl. Trop. Dis.
  
• Biodistribution studies of bee venom and spider toxin using radiotracers Article. C.M. Yonamine et al. J. Venom. Anim. Toxins incl. Trop. Dis.
  
• Evolution Mystery: Spider Venom And Bacteria Share Same Toxin Biology researchers at Lewis & Clark College and the University of Arizona have found evidence for an ancient transfer of a toxin between ancestors of two very dissimilar organisms--spiders and a bacterium. Science Daily
  
• Hot, Hot, Hot: Peppers and spiders reach same pain receptor The burn of hot peppers and the searing pain of a spider bite may have a common cause. New research suggests that molecules in hot peppers and in a certain spider's venom target the same receptor on nerve cells. ScienceNewsOnline (USA)
  
• Latrodectus mactans Diagnosis and treatment. Aspekte der Homöopathie (in German)
  
• Are Daddy Longlegs world's most poisonous animals? Urban Legends Reference Pages (USA)
  
• Is a Daddy Long Legs the most poisonous spider? Straight Dope Science Advisory Board (USA)
  
• How likely are poisonous spider bites? Straight Dope Science Advisory Board (USA)
  
• Aracnídeos - Escorpiões - Serpentes Venenosas Pictures and info. Sulcom (in Portuguese) (Brasil)
  
• First aid - spider bites Funnel-Web Spider, Red-back and other spiders. termite.com (Australia)
  
• Spider Identification - Dangerous - Venomous? Identification guide for dangerous spiders of Australia, USA and Canada. termite.com (Australia)
  
• Black Widow Spider, Schwarze Witwe Antivenom Centers in Europe. Toxikologische Abteilung der II. Medizinischen Klinik der Technischen Universität München (Germany)
  
• Gifttiere Bei den Skorpionen (23 Informationstexte) und Spinnen (38 Informationstexte) sind alle Gattungen beschrieben zu deren Bisssymptomen medizinische Informationen erhältlich waren. Toxikologische Abteilung der II. Medizinischen Klinik der Technischen Universität München (in German) (Germany)
  
• First Aid for Spider Bites and other Arthropod Bites and Stings CSL Antivenom Handbook
  
• Aranhas, acrobatas e perigosas! A page about spider poison. Núcleo de Apoio ao Ensino da Quimica (in Portuguese) (Brasil)
  
• Riscos das picadas de animais peçonhentos Info and pictures. Instituto de Tecnologia - UFRRJ (in Portuguese) (Brazil)
  
• First Aid - Spider bites Medical Center, Univ. of Maryland (USA)
  
• Spiders, Wasps, Bees and More Info for dog owners. US Kerry Blue Terrier Club (USA)
  
• Venenonemia With some spider poison info. Venenonemia
  
• CSL Funnel Web Spider Antivenom CSL Antivenom Handbook, Clinical Toxinology Home Page, Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide (Australia)
  
• Bites and stings due to terrestrial and aquatic animals in Europe World Health Organisation
  
• A health impact assessment relating to venomous spiders entering New Zealand in association with imported table grapes World Health Organisation
  
• Arthropods And Other Animals Of Medical Importance Field Hygiene and Sanitation. Wilderness Survival Manuals
  
• The demystification of the toxicity of spiders Ed Nieuwenhuys (The Netherlands)
  
• Phoneutria fera Info and picture. ZooClub (in Russian) (Russia)
  
• Scorpion stings and spider bites How to avoid. Charlie Easmon, specialist adviser in travel medicine. netdoctor.co (UK)
  
• Contribuição ao estudo do veneno das aranhas Spider poison. Vital Brazil e J. Vellard (in Portuguese) (Brazil)

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